Click here for the January 2017 draft tree for I-Y11222
I-Y11222 is a major branch of I-M26, click here for more explanation and our earlier Y11222 tree.
The big news on this tree is a second big Y for the DYS413=19-22 cluster. This is a large group that is mostly found in Britain and which has a number of marker values that are not found in other I-M26 branches. Thanks to this second Big Y (kit N90359) we can now call this branch I-A14285. We recommend that all members of this group test A14825 at YSeq.net, the price is $17.50 and there is a one time DNA kit fee of $5 for your first test at YSeq. As always, please contact berniecullen@gmail.com for more specific recommendations, and please email me when you place the order and when you receive results because I will not be informed by YSeq.
Here is the link to order A14825 at YSeq.net : https://www.yseq.net/product_info.php?products_id=42541
Wednesday, January 18, 2017
Friday, January 6, 2017
December 2016 Tree for I-L161
Click here for the latest draft tree for the I-L161 "Isles" haplogroup.
To see a previous version, click here for my post from July 2016.
Towards the bottom of the tree you can see an important new branch. There is a new Big Y result for kit 23143 who has likely English paternal ancestry. He was called "Isles-A cousin" because his STR markers are similar to the Isles-A group. But kit 23143 was known to be Y12072+ and PF4135- and the Isles-A people are Y12072+ PF4135+. Thanks to his Big Y, we now know that 20 SNPs are equivalent to Y12072 and 14 are equivalent to PF4135, meaning that 23143's common ancestor with the Isles-A group was thousands of years ago.
There are no known men with markers very similar to 23143, but there is another man who is Y12072+ and PF4135- and I hope to organize a Big Y for him eventually.
The new tree shows more details in the Isles-A branch including the new SNPs that have been found in the "Driscoll" branch.
The tree also shows new branches in Isles-C and Isles-D:
the I-A12374 branch is part of Isles-C1
the I-FGC14463 branch is part of Isles-C2
the I-Y5280 and more specific I-A10741 branch are part of Isles-D2.
Many people have already tested some of these SNPs at YSeq.net
There are some interesting Big Ys in progress:
two for Isles-A (one is very close the Driscoll family, and another is not close to any other Isles-A family)
Kit 206151 is a man from southern Iraq who likely belongs to I-Y13331 branch
The YFull tree has also been updated to v5.01 and it now shows the major I-A10028 branch, but the YFull tree is not as complete as our draft tree. The YFull tree calculates common ancestor dates based on unique novel variants found in each result. You can see that I-L161 contains two fundamental branches: I-Y13331 and I-S2639 and the common ancestor is estimated to have lived 7000 years ago. The I-Y13331 branch is rare and has been found in Germany, Poland, Bulgaria and southern Iraq. The people in I-Y13331 were part of Ken Nordtvedt's Isles-B group.
The I-S2639 branch has a common ancestor estimated to have lived 6700 years ago and it has several major branches that began expansions thousands of years ago:
I-S2703 (I-Y3749) is a large branch and includes all of Ken Nordtvedt's Isles-C and Isles-D groups and some of his Isles-B group. These groups are overwhelmingly British and Irish but there are a few German and Polish families who likely belong to the downstream I-S2742 (I-Y14338) branch. One of our project's next goals is to characterize these families better. There are also some Puerto Rican and French Canadian men who belong to very downstream branches of Isles-C and Isles-D and likely have last 2000-400 year ancestry from the British Isles.
I-A1150 (I-Y12993) is an uncommon group only known from Britain and Ireland. These branches were all part of Ken Nordvedt's Isles-B group. Several results on shown on our draft tree but they have not been submitted to YFull.
I-A10028 is known from only two families from Scotland and Ireland, these were part of Ken Nordtvedt's Isles-B group
I-Y12072 includes the strictly British/Irish Isles-A group and the Isles-A cousins as described above.
The I-L161 tree is well known now, and in my opinion it's very strong evidence for a continuous presence of I-S2639 branch in Britain and Ireland for approximately 6700 years or more. Before Big Y testing we couldn't be sure: maybe Isles-A represented one migration to the British Isles, maybe IslesC/D came in a second migration thousands of years later. We have seen this in other haplogroups: some branches of I-M26 have been in Britain/Ireland for 4,500+ years and others arrived in the last 2,000 years. But now we see that all of the oldest branches of I-S2639 are found in Britain and Ireland.
To see a previous version, click here for my post from July 2016.
Towards the bottom of the tree you can see an important new branch. There is a new Big Y result for kit 23143 who has likely English paternal ancestry. He was called "Isles-A cousin" because his STR markers are similar to the Isles-A group. But kit 23143 was known to be Y12072+ and PF4135- and the Isles-A people are Y12072+ PF4135+. Thanks to his Big Y, we now know that 20 SNPs are equivalent to Y12072 and 14 are equivalent to PF4135, meaning that 23143's common ancestor with the Isles-A group was thousands of years ago.
There are no known men with markers very similar to 23143, but there is another man who is Y12072+ and PF4135- and I hope to organize a Big Y for him eventually.
The new tree shows more details in the Isles-A branch including the new SNPs that have been found in the "Driscoll" branch.
The tree also shows new branches in Isles-C and Isles-D:
the I-A12374 branch is part of Isles-C1
the I-FGC14463 branch is part of Isles-C2
the I-Y5280 and more specific I-A10741 branch are part of Isles-D2.
Many people have already tested some of these SNPs at YSeq.net
There are some interesting Big Ys in progress:
two for Isles-A (one is very close the Driscoll family, and another is not close to any other Isles-A family)
Kit 206151 is a man from southern Iraq who likely belongs to I-Y13331 branch
The YFull tree has also been updated to v5.01 and it now shows the major I-A10028 branch, but the YFull tree is not as complete as our draft tree. The YFull tree calculates common ancestor dates based on unique novel variants found in each result. You can see that I-L161 contains two fundamental branches: I-Y13331 and I-S2639 and the common ancestor is estimated to have lived 7000 years ago. The I-Y13331 branch is rare and has been found in Germany, Poland, Bulgaria and southern Iraq. The people in I-Y13331 were part of Ken Nordtvedt's Isles-B group.
The I-S2639 branch has a common ancestor estimated to have lived 6700 years ago and it has several major branches that began expansions thousands of years ago:
I-S2703 (I-Y3749) is a large branch and includes all of Ken Nordtvedt's Isles-C and Isles-D groups and some of his Isles-B group. These groups are overwhelmingly British and Irish but there are a few German and Polish families who likely belong to the downstream I-S2742 (I-Y14338) branch. One of our project's next goals is to characterize these families better. There are also some Puerto Rican and French Canadian men who belong to very downstream branches of Isles-C and Isles-D and likely have last 2000-400 year ancestry from the British Isles.
I-A1150 (I-Y12993) is an uncommon group only known from Britain and Ireland. These branches were all part of Ken Nordvedt's Isles-B group. Several results on shown on our draft tree but they have not been submitted to YFull.
I-A10028 is known from only two families from Scotland and Ireland, these were part of Ken Nordtvedt's Isles-B group
I-Y12072 includes the strictly British/Irish Isles-A group and the Isles-A cousins as described above.
The I-L161 tree is well known now, and in my opinion it's very strong evidence for a continuous presence of I-S2639 branch in Britain and Ireland for approximately 6700 years or more. Before Big Y testing we couldn't be sure: maybe Isles-A represented one migration to the British Isles, maybe IslesC/D came in a second migration thousands of years later. We have seen this in other haplogroups: some branches of I-M26 have been in Britain/Ireland for 4,500+ years and others arrived in the last 2,000 years. But now we see that all of the oldest branches of I-S2639 are found in Britain and Ireland.
Tuesday, January 3, 2017
I-L1294 "France" (DYS388=9) update:
A fourth Big Y has been completed for the I-L1294 "France" haplogroup. This haplogroup is rare but characteristic of France. I-L1294 men have also found in Germany, Great Britain and Catalonia (Spain). The I-L1294 "France" haplogroup has some very distinctive marker values (DYS388=9 and DYS454=12).
Four Big Ys have now been completed for I-L1294.
The Big Y results show that three Americans with Scottish or English ancestry share a common ancestor who lived approximately 1100 years ago, and they also share approximately 27 SNPs not found in the fourth man, who is an American with likely French paternal ancestry.The common ancestor of all four men lived over 4100 years ago.
One of the SNPs shared by the three British ancestry men is L1295 and it is available at FTDNA for $39. I have rearranged the sections of our colorized results page to make clear who is known to be L1295+, who is known to be L1295- and who needs to test L1295
https://www.familytreedna.com/public/I2aHapGroup?iframe=ycolorized
The common ancestor of all three I-L1295 men lived approximately 1100 years ago. However two of the men share another SNP meaning that they have a slightly more recent common ancestor. This SNP is called A13906 and it is available at YSeq.net for $17.50
You can see the I-L1294 and I-L1295 "France" groups at the top of the YFull I-P37 tree: https://www.yfull.com/tree/I-
Four Big Ys have now been completed for I-L1294.
The Big Y results show that three Americans with Scottish or English ancestry share a common ancestor who lived approximately 1100 years ago, and they also share approximately 27 SNPs not found in the fourth man, who is an American with likely French paternal ancestry.The common ancestor of all four men lived over 4100 years ago.
One of the SNPs shared by the three British ancestry men is L1295 and it is available at FTDNA for $39. I have rearranged the sections of our colorized results page to make clear who is known to be L1295+, who is known to be L1295- and who needs to test L1295
https://www.familytreedna.com/public/I2aHapGroup?iframe=ycolorized
The common ancestor of all three I-L1295 men lived approximately 1100 years ago. However two of the men share another SNP meaning that they have a slightly more recent common ancestor. This SNP is called A13906 and it is available at YSeq.net for $17.50
You can see the I-L1294 and I-L1295 "France" groups at the top of the YFull I-P37 tree: https://www.yfull.com/tree/I-
Wednesday, October 19, 2016
2016 I-L160 Draft tree based on Big Y results (slightly updated Dec 2016)
I-M26 is the well known haplogroup is found in Sardinia and throughout the most western parts of Europe. Probably more than 75% of I-M26 men belong to the I-L160 branch. The L160 SNP was discovered in 2009 thanks to a Walk Through the Y test done by I-P37 project member Wil Husted, now deceased. L160 was the first major SNP below I-M26 to be discovered.
Paolo Francalacci's lab sequenced the genomes of approximately 1200 men in Sardinia and 464 belong to I-M26.These men belonged to several very distinct branches as shown in his paper published in Nature in 2013, some were L160- and others L160+. But the largest group of I-M26 men in Sardinia belong to the M26+ L160+ PF4088+ PF4189+ PF4190+ branch. The Genographic 2.0 test (original version) contained many PF series SNPs (named for Paolo Francalacci) that are found in I-PF4190. But for some reason, the Geno 2.0 test (original version) included very few PF SNPs from other branches of I-M26.
The 1000 Genomes project had good coverage of Spain and Latin America and a few I-M26 men were found in Spain, Puerto Rico and Colombia. Some of the SNPs from the two Puerto Rico men were named as Z96-Z128 (approximately), and also added to the Geno 2.0 test. And some of these PF and Z SNPs from the Geno 2.0 test were added to the FTDNA catalog and eventually added to the FTDNA haplotree.
Thanks to all of this, we learned a great deal about the distribution of many branches of I-M26. Because so much was already known, there wasn't an initial rush of orders of the Big Y test. But now several men in I-L160 have completed the Big Y and we have found many new branches as shown on this tree. Click here to download a pdf version.
The 1000 Genomes project had good coverage of Spain and Latin America and a few I-M26 men were found in Spain, Puerto Rico and Colombia. Some of the SNPs from the two Puerto Rico men were named as Z96-Z128 (approximately), and also added to the Geno 2.0 test. And some of these PF and Z SNPs from the Geno 2.0 test were added to the FTDNA catalog and eventually added to the FTDNA haplotree.
Thanks to all of this, we learned a great deal about the distribution of many branches of I-M26. Because so much was already known, there wasn't an initial rush of orders of the Big Y test. But now several men in I-L160 have completed the Big Y and we have found many new branches as shown on this tree. Click here to download a pdf version.
Monday, October 10, 2016
Current testing recommendations and links to order SNPs at YSeq.net
Here is a list with links to order important SNPs in some branches of I-P37 (and information about STR testing). I will update this as time permits. I don't intend to include all SNPs, only the newest and most important SNPs. We receive no commission etc from YSeq or FTDNA, this list is for information purposes only. [updated September 2017]
Friday, September 23, 2016
The Dinaric-South cluster is defined by the SNP PH908
A SNP which defines the Dinaric-South cluster has been identified. It is PH908 (position 14107064 C to T). It is inside a region which is not well covered by the Big Y test. Some Big Ys report 1-5 reads for 14107064 but because of the low number of reads this is not reported on FTDNA's Big Y pages and can only be seen with a YFull.com analysis or similar.
PH908 can be tested very reliably by traditional methods and it is available for order at YSeq.net ($17.50 plus a one-time DNA kit fee of $5 for your first test at YSeq):
https://www.yseq.net/product_info.php?products_id=32650
(Note: in many cases it is not necessary to order PH908, please contact Bernie or Zdenko with any questions.)
Until now, there was no known SNP specific to Dinaric-South:
I-CTS10228 includes all Dinarics: all of Dinaric-North and all of Dinaric-South
The more specific I-S17250 group includes all Dinaric-South men but it also includes some Dinaric-North men.
Ten people from the I-S17250 haplogroup have received PH908 results from YSeq. Three of them are from different Dinaric-North branches of the I-S17250 haplogroup. All three Dinaric-North received ancestral PH908- results. Seven Dinaric-South men did the test, many were I-S17250* and others belonged to I-A356/Z16983. All Dinaric-South men received derived PH908+ results. As mentioned above, some Big Ys show a few reads for PH908. According to YFull, one Dinaric-South man in I-S17250* had 1 T read at PH908 and another Dinaric-South man in I-A356/Z16983 received 4 T reads (meaning derived/positive). Many Dinaric-North men in I-S17250 and in other branches of I-CTS10228 had only C reads: 1 C, 2 C, 5 C etc. And many Dinaric-South and Dinaric-North men had no reads for PH908.
These results confirm the placement of PH908 as shown in our colored I-L621 tree posted in this blog in August 2016 .
PH908 is not available for individual order at FTDNA but we will ask them to add it to their catalog and/or a SNP pack. PH908 is not yet part of the I2a-M423 SNP panel at YSeq but it can be ordered as an individual SNP at YSeq. As a reminder, YSeq results cannot be transferred to FTDNA.
Update October 7, 2016:
The YFull tree has been updated to v4.09 and it now includes PH908: https://www.yfull.com/tree/I-S17250/
YFull put one sample from P. Francalacci study (ERS256264 = #746/742) in the I-PH908* haplogroup. That means at least one of two Sardinian I-S17250 samples belongs to the Dinaric South cluster.
PH908 can be tested very reliably by traditional methods and it is available for order at YSeq.net ($17.50 plus a one-time DNA kit fee of $5 for your first test at YSeq):
https://www.yseq.net/product_info.php?products_id=32650
(Note: in many cases it is not necessary to order PH908, please contact Bernie or Zdenko with any questions.)
Until now, there was no known SNP specific to Dinaric-South:
I-CTS10228 includes all Dinarics: all of Dinaric-North and all of Dinaric-South
The more specific I-S17250 group includes all Dinaric-South men but it also includes some Dinaric-North men.
Ten people from the I-S17250 haplogroup have received PH908 results from YSeq. Three of them are from different Dinaric-North branches of the I-S17250 haplogroup. All three Dinaric-North received ancestral PH908- results. Seven Dinaric-South men did the test, many were I-S17250* and others belonged to I-A356/Z16983. All Dinaric-South men received derived PH908+ results. As mentioned above, some Big Ys show a few reads for PH908. According to YFull, one Dinaric-South man in I-S17250* had 1 T read at PH908 and another Dinaric-South man in I-A356/Z16983 received 4 T reads (meaning derived/positive). Many Dinaric-North men in I-S17250 and in other branches of I-CTS10228 had only C reads: 1 C, 2 C, 5 C etc. And many Dinaric-South and Dinaric-North men had no reads for PH908.
These results confirm the placement of PH908 as shown in our colored I-L621 tree posted in this blog in August 2016 .
PH908 is not available for individual order at FTDNA but we will ask them to add it to their catalog and/or a SNP pack. PH908 is not yet part of the I2a-M423 SNP panel at YSeq but it can be ordered as an individual SNP at YSeq. As a reminder, YSeq results cannot be transferred to FTDNA.
Update October 7, 2016:
The YFull tree has been updated to v4.09 and it now includes PH908: https://www.yfull.com/tree/I-S17250/
YFull put one sample from P. Francalacci study (ERS256264 = #746/742) in the I-PH908* haplogroup. That means at least one of two Sardinian I-S17250 samples belongs to the Dinaric South cluster.
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